October 2025 Evaluate and Outlook

Govt Abstract 

• U.S. equities reached hit document highs in October, led by large-cap progress shares and the “Magnificent Seven”
• Market breadth narrowed, with worth indices and midcaps lagging however remaining in technical uptrends
• The Federal Reserve delivered a hawkish fee minimize, shocking markets and impacting fee expectations
• Sturdy Q3 earnings (+10.7% YoY for S&P 500) and seasonal tailwinds help a constructive outlook for year-end
• Seasonal headwinds now develop into a tailwind

U.S. equities ascended into document territory in October amid easing U.S.-China commerce tensions, a hawkish Fed fee minimize, strong company earnings, and an ongoing authorities shutdown.

The massive-cap S&P 500 (+2.3%) and Dow Jones Industrials (+2.6%) indexes, together with the small-cap Russell 2000 (+1.8%), every recorded their respective sixth consecutive month-to-month achieve, whereas the Nasdaq-100 (+4.8%) and Nasdaq Composite (+4.7%) indexes prolonged their streak to seven.

There was a noticeable deterioration in market breadth, with an growing variety of industries consolidating prior features. Whereas large-cap progress (+3.6%) and small-cap progress (+3.2%) led the best way, particularly the Magnificent Seven (+4.9%), large-cap worth (+0.4%) and small-cap worth (0.3%), they have been solely marginally increased. Moreover, the S&P 500 Equal Weight and the S&P Midcap 400 indices declined 0.9% and 0.5%, respectively.

Narrowing breadth can sign elevated danger for a market reversal; nevertheless, final month’s underperforming benchmarks stay inside a couple of share factors of all-time highs and are in technical uptrends as outlined by a 50-day easy transferring common (sma) being increased than their respective 200-day sma. Whereas there stays a large hole in relative efficiency, the underperformers are largely nonetheless in uptrends with constructive returns.

The S&P Midcap 400 Index is the worst performing broad fairness benchmark with a 5.3% complete return YTD, and it is usually the one broad index to not attain new 52-week highs in 2025. From a glass-half-full perspective, the benchmark has spent the prior two months in a sideways consolidation vary alongside an anticipated resistance stage representing the earlier excessive set in January 2025. Whereas it presently stands about 6% beneath its 52-week excessive, it may merely be a matter of time earlier than it’s the beneficiary of investor rotation and joins the opposite benchmarks in making new highs. 

Investor sentiment was supported by a mixture of macro and sector-specific developments. A gathering between Presidents Trump and Xi produced a modest easing in commerce tensions, together with a discount in U.S. tariffs on fentanyl and a one-year delay in China’s uncommon earth export controls. Whereas these measures helped scale back near-term uncertainty, they have been largely anticipated and didn’t tackle deeper structural points within the bilateral relationship. The settlement was seen as a brief reprieve, with one other assembly scheduled for April.

The know-how sector continued to profit from robust investor curiosity in synthetic intelligence. New partnerships and deal exercise helped maintain momentum main to a different strong efficiency by the semiconductor business. In October, the SOX Index gained 13.5%, marking its fourth double-digit achieve in six months, measuring a mixed +118% complete return from the April lows.

The Federal Reserve delivered a extensively anticipated 25 basis-point (bp) fee minimize within the last week of October and introduced plans to finish quantitative tightening (QT) on Decc1. Chair Jerome Powell beforehand telegraphed the tip of QT was coming at his Oct. 14 speech on the Blockworks Digital Asset Summit (DAS) in London:

“Some indicators have begun to emerge that liquidity circumstances are progressively tightening, together with a common firming of repo charges together with extra noticeable however momentary pressures on chosen dates. The Committee’s plans lay out a intentionally cautious method to keep away from the form of cash market strains skilled in September 2019.”

Nonetheless, Chair Powell delivered a strongly hawkish tone through the post-FOMC press convention:

“Additional discount within the coverage fee on the December assembly isn’t a foregone conclusion, removed from it.”

The hawkish tone caught the market off guard resulting in a repricing for an additional fee minimize in December from 90% to 60%.

October was additionally marked by disruptions stemming from a chronic authorities shutdown, which delayed the discharge of key employment and inflation knowledge. September’s CPI report was ultimately printed and got here in cooler than anticipated, pushed by easing hire and house owners’ equal hire figures. This bolstered the narrative of shelter-driven disinflation and provided a possible tailwind for the Fed’s inflation outlook. Political strain intensified as SNAP advantages approached expiration on November 1, including urgency to negotiations and elevating hopes for a swift decision.

Sector Efficiency

Bifurcated efficiency was extra seen on the sector stage with 5 of 11 teams ending within the pink in October. Semiconductors fueled the outperformance by the Expertise sector (+6.2%). The beforehand underperforming Healthcare sector (+3.6%) had its third consecutive month-to-month achieve. The Supplies sector (-5%) was the laggard and marked its second consecutive month within the pink. Financials gave again 2.8% amidst rising “one-off” credit score considerations at choose banks.

On the small-cap stage, Healthcare (+8.4%) returned its greatest month in 2025, pushed by the resurgence in biotech shares. The Nasdaq Biotech Index (+10%) registered its greatest month-to-month return since December 2023. Staples and Discretionary every declined 7%, driving each teams into the pink YTD. 5 of the 11 sectors are down 10% or extra from their respective 52-week excessive. 

Company earnings season is in full gear with 64% of S&P 500 firms reporting outcomes by means of the tip of October with 83% reporting a constructive earnings shock and 79% reporting a constructive income shock, in accordance with FactSet. For Q3 2025, the blended earnings progress fee (YoY) for the S&P 500 is 10.7% higher than the 7.9% anticipated progress fee at first of the season, and on tempo for a fourth consecutive double-digit achieve. The ahead 12-month P/E ratio for the S&P 500 is 22.9 vs. the 5-year and 10-year averages of 19.9 and 18.6, respectively. 

Wanting Forward

The message of the market has been fairly bullish within the six months following final spring’s tariff tantrum and considerations over fading U.S. exceptionalism. Since then, the U.S. greenback (DXY) has stabilized. Lengthy charges are nearer to 4% vs. highs of 4.8% in the beginning of the 12 months. The Fed eased one other 50bps and can finish QT on Dec. 1. Firms are delivering double-digit earnings progress. 

Seasonality is a tailwind for equities for the rest of 2025. Since 1970, November and December have been the highest performing months for the S&P 500 with common returns of 1.8% and 1.4%, respectively. Carson Analysis notes the very best six-month window since 1950 is November by means of April, which has a median return of seven%, whereas the worst six-month window is Could by means of October (“Promote in Could”), with a median return of two.1%. The S&P 500 simply completed this worst six-month window the place it gained 22.5%. Logically, one might assume that it may steal features from the often bullish months that comply with; nevertheless, traditionally that has not been the case. The earlier 10 greatest “Promote-in-Could” durations have been adopted by six months of features 9 of 10 occasions for a median return of 13.9%. 

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